MapPorn
Map of Palestine from 1769.
Discussion
Back then it was the Bey of Damascus.
So Jorden is part of Palestine?
The original British Mandate of Palestinians include Jordan. With what is now considered, Jordan, being known as the East Bank and Isreal and Palestinian Territorys, being called the west bank. The East Bank was split off and given semi independence by the British in 1921 and was renamed to Trans (east) Jordan. The Trans bit was dropped when Jordan declared independence.
Edit: the Trans part was dropped when Jordan conquered the west bank. Not when they gained independence.
The Trans part was also dropped because Jordan had conquered and annexed what is now the West Bank during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, as they then controlled both banks of the Jordan.
Exactly. It seems most people don’t realize the West Bank has never been a part of an independent Palestine since it was annexed by Jordan right after the 1948 war.
this map is from 1769
This map wasn’t during the Mandate, it’s the Ottoman province
Historically, yes, both the names Palestine and Eretz Israel, as a geographical unit, mostly (very generally) referred to an area for which the Jordan River is roughly in the middle, until a bit after WW1.
Have you ever wondered why Palestinians called it "The West Bank"? Because like North and South Korea or North Ireland and Ireland, the Palestinian people think of the West Bank as one part of a more complete entity. This is why Jordan doesn't completely like Palestinians (this and also all the terrorism Palestinians have committed in Jordan).
Ah, Palaestina, the original Roman province name which name derived from the Greek and Egyption refer to the Philistine or Peleset and Hebrew Plishtim/Peleshet/ Palash
Al Quds, the Holy due to the site of 2 Jewish Temples
Sometimes it will say Bayt al-Maqdis, which is derived from the Hebrew Beit HaMikdash. The Holy Temple, ie The Jewish Temples.
The name of Nabolos or Nablus or Flavia Neapolis means new city of the emperor Flavius'.
1000+ years before was Shechem site of Joseph's tomb. "Way of the Patriarchs" trade route to Hebron. Cave of Machpelah or also known as Cave of the Patriarchs.
Well I believe that there's an alternate theory that Palestine comes from Herodotus literally translating the word Israel into Greek. Israel literally translated to "one who wrestles with God" and Palesteis in Greek means wrestler. "ine/ina" comes from a common suffix for lands or countries.
Bayt Al Madis is an arabic name meaning the Holy City or House
Yeah, that’s what they’re saying. Bayit al-Maqdis, the holy house, Beit HaMikdash.
You both are right, many Arabic and Hebrew words mean the same. Just compare the numbers 1-10 in both languages, they are 50% the same. Ahhad = Wahhad, Eshtien = Ethnaien, and so one.
New Year in Hebrew is Rosh Hashanah, while in Arabic Ras as-Sana
I used temple and house as interchange.
Beit means house as HaMikdash The Holy place or Temple or the sanctuary.
Also translate to The Holy House
All holy because of the Jewish Temples for both faiths.
Beit means 'house' in Hebrew.
HaMikdash means 'the holy' in Hebrew.
The Arabic sounds surprisingly similar, I wonder where they got it.
Languages from all over the world often have similar words. Nothing new that 2 languages use a similar sounding word specifically when both are "sematic" groups of people..
Hebrews are not the only sematic people.. Arabs are sematic as well..
Of course they are, they were (forcefully or otherwise) converted from the same people
Not exactly. A great deal of the population only arrived in the region in the Byzantine, Muslim periods and after. At least 150k thousand Muslims immigrated there during the Ottoman and British period, alone in like the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Bosnians/Albanians, Turks, Egyptians, Iraqis, Sudanese, Syrians, Saudis etc.... Al Masri "the egyptian" is the 3rd most common name among Arab Muslims of "Palestine".
British census prooves that 90% of increase in arab population was natural and not from immigration (unlike the jewish population) also just because some one is named al masri deosnt mean he is Egyptian. It is just that they have an egyptian ancestor 300 years who married into local population but kept the paternal surname.
None of the 3 dominate religions even existed when the city of Jerusalem was first written in the history books. It was named after the Canaanites god of Dawn.. (Shalim)
HaMikdash means 'the temple' not 'the holy'.
Basically, the name of the Jewish Temple that was built in that exact mountain.
The root K-D-Sh means sanctified/holy, so it's not really incorrect to say that "Beit Hamikdash" means "The House that is Holy".
Kinda weird it sounds exactly like bayt hamikdash in heberew that predate Islam and Arabic by at least a thousand years. the exact same place where the Jewish temple stood has the same name Arabized. Interesting
Hebrew does not "predate" Arabic, it was just written earlier. They both descend from a common ancestor language.
You could've spent three seconds on google and not looked dumb.
Which derives from Beit Hamikdash בית המקדש which refers to the Jewish temples that were built there.
Muslims during Mohamed time used to pray toward Jerusalem before it was later changed during his times to Qaaba.
Maqdis means holy as well.
Also Hebrew and Arabic both have the same root language, so there are similar words.
It's as if Arabs and Jews have ties to the land, common ancestors, similar languages and pray to the same god. This rivalry might be one of the most stupid in human history (not a history buff btw).
Bayt al-Maqdis, which is derived from the Hebrew Beit HaMikdash.
are you talking about the linguistics being derived? or about giving it the same name in Arabic?
It's so insane how common misinformation in reddit is.. Al quds being derived from Hebrew is insane take
So you are accepting that original inhabitants are philistines today, and colonialists Europeans Zionists are braving for chaos.
Philistines are from Crete. Arrived after the late bronze age collapse. Also know as sea people. They are not around anymore.
The 'sea people' are famously from unknown origins.
Everyone is a migrant from on or another part of the world.
But what makes a people a nation is where they were founded and where they built a shared identity together. What happened to the Palestinian Arabs in the late 1960s as a reaction and a continuation of the Arab-Israeli conflict, as opposed to the Jews, where it began just a little earlier... around 5000 years before that...
Why you hiding from our debate. If you're so strongly convicted in your beliefs then you should have no problem debating me
Do you accept that jews can migrate to Palestine mandate as well and become local? (ignoring that they already have continuous presence since before Jesus was born). It’s ok that Philistine people migrated there. It’s ok that Arabs migrated there. They’re original inhabitants! But the jews migrated there is a no-no. Jews are European colonists!
The Levant was the epicenter and crossroad of civilization for over two thousand years and you think the people living there now are the same group from 3,000 years ago?
Neat. I love old maps.
Anyone wondering, Jerusalem is spelled "El-Kods" here
There is also "Ieruſalem" right above it
No, that’s the district name, which means “The Temple Mount”, in reference to the ancient Jewish temple. The city name is written there in smaller font, “Ierusalem”
Ancient Jewish temple huh? How'd that get there?
King David planned it, King Solomon built it, the Babylonians destroyed it, and here we all are thousands of years later still trying to sort all that out. Turns out Christians and Muslims really didn’t like the Israelites. It’s actually a really long story.
It’s not just some ancient temple, it’s the most holy site on all of Judaism. So holy that whenever Jews pray they pray towards it no matter where in the world they are, and they’ve been doing it for the past 2,000 years even though the temple itself is gone.
Yeah in Arabic its elkods
It's funny to me because Jerusalem predates even the Jews in the lands, yet Arabs think Al-Quds is correct.
Well, it probably comes from Hebrew in any case.
The name may have been shortened from مَـدِيـنَـة الْـقُـدْس Madīnat al-Quds, a calque of the Hebrew name for the city, Ir HaKodesh (עיר הקודש "the Holy City" or "City of the Holy Place").
El Kods is the arabic name for Jerusalem
Because Jerusalem was founded by the Canaanites and named after one of their gods not any god of any current religion..
Jerusalem was originally named as Urusalim in ancient Egyptian texts. It's assumed it was named after the ancient Canaanite deity Shalem, the god of Dawn.. aka "City of Shalem".
The city origins had zero to do with any modern religion, not Christians, Muslims or Jews.. It was however the largest city in the area so all 3 groups tried to claim it as their own.. The city predates them all..
Not sure why this map is calling that whole area as el-kods but "Ieruſalem" is listed on the map not far away. Have to keep in mind each map maker will spell things in their own language which is why there are often many different spellings of a city name but no idea what El-Kods is.. Perhaps it means Al-Quds which is "Holy City" I believe in Arabic.
Also keep in mind just as today, anyone with the skills can produce a map..
edit...
Look at the down votes by people who hate history. It's not even like anything I posted isn't easily available information.. lol I guess the same type of people who don't believe in Dinosaurs..
I mean, it does have unarguable significance to both Jews and Christians. Jerusalem's temple was the cultic center of Judaism and was established as such (mythically) by King Solomon, but definitively by King Josiah (who lived in 600 BC). From that point on, the only place where sacrifices could take place was at the temple in Jerusalem. As such, it developed a central place in Jewish religion (and Jews still mourn its destruction and fast on the day it was destroyed - the 9th of Av).
Due to its centrality in Judaism, it should be no surprise it became important in Christianity. Much of the gospels takes place in and around Jerusalem, including the passion narrative itself.
The exact same argument is valid for Islam, the third of the Abrahamic religions.
[deleted]
Yerushalaim in Hebrew
Ye-roo-shah-lie-eem
Looks like Ierusalem
[deleted]
Right. In Arabic. Not in Hebrew. Which is what you were saying.
you referred to Orshalim specifically as Hebrew which is wrong. It is an Arabic version of the Hebrew name of Jerusalem, Al-Quds, or natively ירושלים.
Jews speaking another language will use that languages name for the city, it doesn't make it any less an exonym. Same with Misr, Duetchland, Roma, Suomi, Al-Jazā'ir, Ellas and countless other examples.
You mean Mizrahi Jews?
Orashalem is actually Syriac and Arabic. Al quds is an alternative Arabic name for the city meaning “the holy”
In Arabic an alternate name for Jerusalem is Orshalim or Orsaleem.
That is a Hebrew Name.
In Arabic it is Al Kods
I speak Arabic, Orshalim and Orsalim are both alternatives (though rarely used) names for Al Quds
We usually see it transliterated as Al Quds now.
Its the orignal name in arabic.
Kid named tanach:
I find the name of the Dead Sea here interesting.
It appears to be named dead sea in German and Turkish.
But in Arabic, while we usually call it the Dead Sea too "Al-Bahr Al-Mayit", here it says "Bahr Loth" which seems to mean the Sea of Lot. This is a rarely used name.
In Christianity, the wife of Lot was turned into a pillar of salt. This probably is the source of that name. Islam does not have the "pillar of salt" part, referring instead to the destruction of Lot's city in general.
That is interesting thank you.
Not to be rude but to clarify Lot's wife is from Bereshit ('In the beginning')/ Book of Genesis. Yes part of Christianity but from the Hebrew Bible.
“Flee for your life! Do not look behind you, nor stop anywhere in the Plain; flee to the hills, lest you be swept away.”
"Hashem rained upon Sodom and Gomorrah sulfurous fire from Hasham out of heaven annihilating those cities and the entire Plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities and the vegetation of the ground. Lot’s wife looked back, and she thereupon turned into a pillar of salt"
https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.19.17?lang=bi&aliyot=0
by christianity you are forgetting it is a jewish story but sure.
also, in hebrew its just called the salt sea
The story is part of all the Abrahimic religions it’s not exclusively Jewish.
Sure, because the Abrahamic religions all started from Judaism. This is a Jewish story which Christians and the rest of the Abrahamic religions adopted later
Not quite. It’s first labeled in German as “Der Salz See” = the Salt Lake. But also says “od. das Todte Meer” = “or the Dead Sea”
Nice, I like the dusty german expressions!
Every single Reddit forum, people are forcing Israel/palestine discussion. Give it a rest already. Plenty of boards to argue about this stuff, no need to constantly AstroTurf
It's a psyop
People with money and means keep it discussed (using the words they prefer to shift opinions one way or the other)
Why are old maps mostly always in German?
They aren't. The number of German maps is far smaller than the number of Latin maps of a similar period.
Because German was the only language at 1700s
All other languages were invented later
This makes total sense thank you for the explanation.
Qapla!
German was the primary language of science for very large parts of Europe before English surpassed it. The bourgeoisie and academia in most (modern) European countries used to have a sizeable German presence.
None of my grandparents speak a word of English but all speak fluent German. Finland here.
Since when?
It must be swiss german tho. Karte is written Charte.
The Ottoman Empire did have some great cartographers.
It did, but this seems to be a German map, not an Ottoman map.
The fucking Piri Ries map keeps me up at night
This map is so hard to read
Could the map makers not think of calling these areas District like 20 times lol
Respect for drawing the same trees and hills
The Text in the top is German and surprisingly easy to read. The orthography is also very similar to the orthography before the German orthography reform of 1996.
"CHARTE von PALAESTINA nach dem jetzigen Zustande desselben, größestentheils nach der Beschreibung des Hrn. D. Buschings im V. Theil seiner Erdbeschr. entworfen von Gottfr. Arn. Maas. 1769"
And, here's a Google translation of the original German: "Chart of Palestine as it currently stands, largely based on the description by Mr. D. Busching in Part V of his geographic description, drawn by Gottfr. Arn. Maas. 1769."
I can only imagine how cramped and achy Gottfr. Arn. Maas's hand must've been after drawing this!
Interesting that the icon (image) for Jerusalem is a church, not the dome of the rock mosque. German map, I guess.
Dome of the rock is not a mosque, it’s a shrine
Like half of Jordan included in Palestine, but people still trying to convince me that the arbitrary borders drawn by the french and british actually belonged to an ancient palestinian nation.
No, people are arguing that the lands where arbitrary borders were drawn by the British and the French (and the Dutch, Belgians, Germans, etc) belonged to their inhabitants. There were plenty of places where colonies bore entirely new names not connected to any previous name for the region, but those places still belonged to their inhabitants just as much. I can guarantee you that before colonization there was no ancient central african national identity, but the lands of the Central African Republic still belonged to its inhabitants regardless.
At the end of the day the British drew their border the way that they did, and they called one of the colonies Palestine, and so we call the people who lived there the Palestinians, and the land that they lived on was as much their homeland, and it belonged to them just as much as the homelands of any other colonized people belonged to those people.
Not a colony. Land won fighting the Ottoman Turks in WWI.
Ok, so we agree that the current borders of Palestine were a colonial construct.
what really matters is that the people live there and have rights, correct ?
Then why does it matter if it’s 1 state or 2 ? Why they have no right to divide Palestine in 1948 but had right to divive it 30 years before ?
People really need to stop living in the past. The whole "we were here first" thing just goes in circles. Greeks were in Istanbul(Byzantium) before the Turks, and before that it was the Thracians, who even knows where they ended up. The Franks didn’t start out in France, and the English aren’t originally from England either. History’s full of migrations and takeovers. What matters now is the current reality. Focus on the present, keep the peace, and stop the fighting, on all sides.
The problem was not dividing it, several colonies were divided (for example the regions of British Cameroons each voted on becoming part of either Nigeria or Cameroon when British rule ended, without anyone having complained about the outcome that I know of). Had there been no Jewish colonisation during 25 years of British rule and Palestine had been made independent as two pieces, each democratically ruled by the Palestinians of that part of the country, instead of one then I doubt anyone would have cared much. People care because the partition was a tool to continue the colonization started under the British. The only reason partition was proposed was to placate those Jewish colonists who resorted to violence after the British announced they would be introducing majority rule to the colony. The extremeness of its gerrymandering (slicing the proposed state left to the Palestinians into 4 seperate pieces) shows that it had no other goal than to impose the rule of the Jewish colonists on as much of Palestine as possible, leaving large part of the Palestinian population under continued colonial rule against the democratic will of the Palestinians.
By what basis do you characterize Jewish migration to the area as colonization. They simply wished to move back to the area where they were from.
When Mexicans move to California are they trying to colonize it?
Nobody is saying that. What they are saying is that the people who live in those arbitrarily drawn areas have lived there for generations regardless of what it was called and its ethnic cleansing to forcibly remove them.
No shock the Sexpestiny fan is spreading lies and misinformation.
Hasan fan try not to bring up destiny challenge
Oh, so nobody is posting stuff like "It was always Palestine", when it's always ?
Stop being a smartass. You could call them Palestinians/Arabs/Hebrews whatever you guys want. The fact is that this land has been settled by these people for generations.
Which lands ? the dessert ? Was Tel Aviv (not Jaffa), but the parcel of land that became Tel Aviv in 1947 inhabited by palestinians ? why do they claim they have the right to it if they never inhabited there?
They did inhabit there. The entire area was inhabited.
My fiancé’s dad showed me the paper documents he had showing ownership for land in Haifa lol but he’s a filthy pali arab
Well the Arabs colonised it so..
Guess that means white people in the US should be round up and exterminated. After all, they colonized the continent. Or does that logic only apply if you’re using it to justify the genocide of Arabs?
This is other than the fact that the Palestinian people were Arabized…. Not ethnically cleansed.
I’m fully Lebanese and my test showed I’m 90% Levantine with the remaining 10% being Arab, Italian, Anatolian and Jewish.
Hmm that’s called attacking a straw man pal…
You just assumed my position and started arguing against it.
My argument is against the whole “blood and soil”, which would also be anti-Zionist
Why an Arab in Haifa can claim ownership in Tel Aviv ? why not claim ownership of a Place in ME instead of a recently created colonial construct ?
Belong to the modern Jewish people*, not an ancient Palestinian nation.
Bring back Acre and Tyre!!!
Whatever this is supposed to be, it's gregraphically inaccurate. It also includes at least half of Jordan and ends at the Dead Sea, cutting off at least 40% of what is now Israel and possibly half of Gaza. I think it also steals land from Egypt. Highly inaccurate and doesn't represent reality like the naming of towns and population density.
Israel*
It was palestine at that time, a region in the ottman empire (different thing than the modern definition)
Palestine is the name of the geographical area, in which isreal (the country) is located. The region has been called Palestine for at least 2500 years
Damn why would they make a detailed map of an empty land ?
I see region named Hebron in the bottom? Is that where my sunshine Lebron is from??? He from the holy land holy shit.
All bibles have maps of Palestine too. Weird how the fascists try and rewrite history. Did the Jews have a state during the holocaust? According to Zionists I know, not having a state means they aren’t truly people, and you can do whatever you want to them. The hypocrisy that Zionists need to exist is wild. Even the Zionist founders admitted what they were doing was colonialism,pm, and if it was done to them, they would violently resist. The world had a spell cast on it, but I think we are finally waking up.
B-but the zionists said that Palestine didn't exist
A palestinian state indeed never existed
The whole concept of States is relatively new.
ok then ill say it differently, the palestinians never has autonomy on that specific land that was governed by their own representatives of any kind, be it a king, a parliament or an islamic council.
Palestinians were the original jews who had autonomy over it and later converted to Christianity and then to Islam. People who migrated from Poland and Eastern Europe many of them(some have as much as 40-50%) have 0 connection to the land. Genetics prove it. Changing your name from Mileikowsky to Netanyahu does not magically give you connection dating 3000 years.
Palestine is a Roman provincial name for the region. This map was made after the Indigenous Jewish inhabitants got ethnically cleansed using the Trail of Tears treatment, and before Herzl started the landback movement that resulted in Israel's establishment.
Only a minority migrated rest remained in the land, some converted to Christianity when it became the dominant religion, most converted to Islam when the area was under Muslim jurisdiction for 1300 years. Genetics prove it.
What a deliberate distortion of facts you are making.
There was never a country called "Palestine" before the 1980s. That is what you are distorting in order to say zionists use false history.
The geographic region has been referred to as "Palestine" and other names for 2400 years.
As for the "zionist" position: the first Zionist Congress (1897) laid out its goal which is now known as the “Basel Program”. The language that it adopted is (in the original and official German):
Der Zionismus erstrebt für das jüdische Volk die Schaffung einer öffentlich-rechtlich gesicherten Heimstätte in Palästina…
That roughly translates in English to:
“Zionism seeks to create a legally secured homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine”
"Palestine" is the accurate translation of "Palästina": The original document by the founding Zionists used the German word for Palestine. At that time, Palestine was the common geographical and unofficial term used by the Ottoman Empire and European powers to refer to the region (there was no “Palestine” province or state). It was a descriptive, secular term and there were no clear boundaries for the region.
Palestine was the name the Romans gave to the region which included parts of Lebanon, Syria and Jordan.
In 70AD Titus led the colonization campaign against Judea which culminated in the destruction of Jerusalem the Second Temple.
In 135AD following the suppression of the Bar Kochva revolt, Emperor Hadrian renamed "Judea" to "Syria Palestina". This region was under Roman rule until the 7th century until the Persians succeeded in occupying it in 603AD.
The Levant only came under Arab Muslim rule between 634-638AD after they clashed with the Byzantines.
Arabs are from Arabia. Jews are from Judea. Modern day Israel is the world's most successful DEcolonization project.
#TheMoreYouKnow
Well if you really want to be "smart", just check the bible, there isn't a word "palestine" in there.
In addition you can just go and see the western wall in Jerusalem which is way older than this map.
The biblical land of Israel and the modern nation state of Israel are two separate entities.
Lol yeah, biblical state of Israel includes Jordan + Lebanon, parts of Iraq, part of Syria and parts of Egypt.
The term "Palestine" is derived from "Philistia," the region inhabited by the Philistines, who are mentioned in the Old Testament as living along the southern coast of Canaan (territory, which included cities like Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ashdod). The word "Philistine" appears over 200 times in the Old Testament.
Later, Greeks and Romans adapted "Philistia" into "Palestine," using it to refer to a broader region that included much of ancient Israel and Judah.
Read also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_name_Palestine
Yes we all can use chatGPT, those "Philistines" are not "Palestinians" of today, they are thought to be greek settlers.
you pissed off the zionists 💔
“You really owned the libs” - this is what you sound like
mental deterioration 🥀
Thats like 90% of this sub
so did really the state of palestine exist back in the day? or you are just saying “waa waa anyone who refutes me is a zio!!”
surprisingly large amount
The Arabic maps are better but at least they got name right. Palestine, not Israel
My dude this map is not arabic
lol fix your reading comprehension
[deleted]
During that times , it was part of Ottoman empire .
1769: Muhammad Ali Pasha born. Major escalation in The War of the Bar Confederation.
Get over it...
Just like Argentina and the Falklands, right?
The irony of an Argentinian saying this...
Not until Palestinians are free in their ancestral land.
Since when did arabs start to identify as Palestinian and not as Arab?
About the 1970s
Palestinians have Canaanite DNA and ancient Jewish DNA, they are natives. They simply converted to Christianity and later to Islam.
so you are confirming that ‘palestinians’ are jewish and native, though the palestinian motives are that the jews are not native and came later
Palestinian Jews existed before Zionism
Before 1948. The map literally says Palestine.
The name Palestine is a Roman name that predates the existence of Islam and the colonization of the Levant by Arab settlers that would become modern “Palestinians.”
The name isn't Roman, it was Greek before that from Herodotus, and before that it was Akkadian from "Pilishtu", and before that Egyptian from "Peleset".
The Roman argument is for people who don't bother look up the origins of words.
While the word itself may have older origins, the Romans were the ones who popularized the term after renaming the then-province of Judea to Palestine in an effort to suppress Jewish culture following a revolt in the region.
Correction, the "Judea" was a relatively autonomous state incorporated into the Roman Empire, it was after the revolt and burning the temple did the Roman incorporate that land as a province, hence the name did change, the state was replaced into a province, this is afaik.
Not to justify the Roman oppression tho, but saying the Romans came to with it, then saying the Roman ms popularized it is kinda dishonest, especially with the fact that it wasn't "popularized", it was the name used by Egyptians, Akkadians and Greeks, it was already the standard term.
And? You don’t think “Arab settlers” would intermingle with the Native population?
This sounds a lot like “single drop” racism.
They will never be, get over it.
Jordan?
Chromakopia green like pickle rick 🥒chromakopia green I've got a cold I'm crazy sick 🥶🤧mocha starbucks hot brown drink coffee coffee coffee i need to drink my coffee ☕️ 😋 piiiickleeee pickleeee pickle rick motha fucka pickkkkleeee 🥒🥒 everyone say tylsr drop music well I dropped music here's my new music 🎶 🎵 alallalbuhbuhbuhbuh 🤑👍 dropping these balls on food like money I'm hungry I'm hungry I'm hungry for food chromakopia reminds me of.. 🥱chromakopia Christmas hoho the lost presents hohoh 🎄 🎅
The comment section is full of salty Israelis fuming that the map is not calling it orshalaim or whatever the hell they pronounce it, even though you are just explaining one spell fact they are downvoting you they are some fragile history-less people don’t expose it please.
Saw exactly one comment as such and it wasn't salty.
Gaza district fuck yeahhh This place is the bomb
Fuck being the guy that had to draw the same tiny little hill 1000 times
I imagine they were paid a lot for their work, accurate maps were very important
I don't think so, if this video is correct
https://youtu.be/yTyX_EJQOIU?feature=shared
Is it your belief that each of those maps onto a specific hill in a specific place?
It's 2025. I dream of getting a job where I draw 1000 little hills on a map.
The machines took everything from us
did they not have stamps or other printing methods back then?